Bruce Hoffman is a visiting senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and has been studying terrorism and insurgency for four decades. He is a tenured professor in Georgetown University’s Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, where until recently he was the director of both the Center for Security Studies and of the Security Studies program. In addition, Hoffman is visiting professor of terrorism studies at St Andrews University, Scotland. He previously held the corporate chair in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency at the RAND Corporation, and was also director of RAND’s Washington DC office as well as vice president for external affairs.